数学符号大全

数学符号是用来表示数字、运算、关系、集合、函数以及其他数学概念的特殊记号。与其把所有内容都用文字写出来,数学家们更喜欢使用符号,这样可以让表达式更简短、更清晰,也更具通用性。

!<a href="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20250924173434946373/mathsymbols.webp">mathsymbols

一些常用的数学符号列表,包含了它们的名称、用法和示例。

基础数学符号

符号

名称

描述

示例

加号

plus

2 + 7 = 9

减号

minus

14 – 6 = 8

乘号

times

2 × 5 = 10

·

点乘

7 ∙ 2 = 14

星号

4 5 = 20

÷

除号

divided by

5 ÷ 5 = 1

/

斜杠

16 ⁄ 8 = 2

=

等号

is equal to

2 + 6 = 8

<

比较符号

is less than

17 < 45

>

比较符号

is greater than

19 > 6

减加号

minus or plus

5 ∓ 9 = -4 and 14

±

加减号

plus or minus

5 ± 9 = 14 and -4

.

小数点

period

12.05 = 12 +(5/100)

mod

取模

mod of

16 mod 5 = 1

ab

指数

power

73 = 343

√a

平方根

√a · √a = a

√16 = 4

3√a

立方根

3√a ·3√a · 3√a = a

3√27 = 3

4√a

四次方根

4√a ·4√a ·4√a ·4√a = a

4√625 = 5

n√a

n次方根

n√a · n√a ·· · n times = a

for n = 5, n√32 = 2

%

百分号

1 % = 1/100

25% × 60= 25 /100 × 60= 15

千分号

1 ‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1%

10 ‰ × 50 = 10/1000 × 50= 0.5

ppm

百万分率

1 ppm = 1/1000000

10 ppm × 50 = 10/1000000 × 50 = 0.0005

ppb

十亿分率

1 ppb = 10-9

10 ppb × 50 = 10 × 10-9 × 50 = 5 × 10-7

ppt

万亿分率

1 ppt = 10-12

10 ppt × 50 = 10 × 10-12 × 50 = 5 × 10-10## 代数符号

符号

名称

描述

示例

x, y

变量

unknown value

3x = 9 ⇒ x = 3

1, 2, 3….

数字常数

numbers

x + 5 = 10, here 5 and 10 are constants

不等号

is not equal to

3 ≠ 5

约等号

is approximately equal to

√2≈1.41

恒等号

is defined as‘or‘ is equal by definition

(a+b)2 ≡ a2+ 2ab + b2

:=

定义符

(a-b)2 := a2-2ab + b2

定义符

a2-b2≜ (a-b).(a+b)

<

严格不等号

is less than

17 < 45

>

严格不等号

is greater than

19 > 6

<<

远小于

is much less than

1 << 999999999

>>

远大于

is much greater than

999999999 >> 1

不等号

is less than or equal to

3 ≤ 5 and 3 ≤ 3

不等号

is greater than or equal to

4 ≥ 1 and 4 ≥ 4

[ ]

中括号

Square brackets

[ 1 + 2 ] – [2 +4] + 4 × 5= 3 – 6 + 4 × 5= 3 – 6 + 20= 23 – 6 = 17

( )

小括号

Parentheses (round brackets)

(15 / 5) × 2 + (2 + 8)= 3 × 2 + 10= 6 + 10= 16

成比例

proportional to

x ∝ y⟹ x = ky, where k is a constant.

f(x)

函数

f(x) = x, is used to maps values of x to f(x)

f(x) = 2x + 5

!

阶乘

factorial

6! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 = 720

蕴涵

implies

x = 2 ⇒x2 = 4, but x2= 4 ⇒ x = 2 is false, because x could also be -2.

等价

if and only if

x = y + 4 ⇔ x-4 = y

\

….\

绝对值

Absolute value of

\

5\

= 5 and \

-5\

= 5## 几何符号

符号

名称

示例 —

— ∠

∠PQR = 30° ∟

直角

∟XYZ = 90° .

(a,b,c) It is represented as a coordinate in space by a point. →

射线

\overrightarrow{\rm AB} is a ray. _

线段

\overline{\rm AB} is a line segment. ↔

直线

\overleftrightarrow{\rm AB} It is a line. \frown

\frown\over{\rm AB} = 45° ∥

平行

AB ∥ CD ∦

不平行

AB ∦ CD ⟂

垂直

AB ⟂ CD

ot\perp

不垂直

AB

ot\perp CD |

全等

△ABC ≅ △XYZ ~

相似

△ABC ~ △XYZ △

三角形

△ABC represents ABC as a triangle. °

a = 30° rad or c

弧度

360° = 2πc grad or g

百分度

360° = 400g \

x-y\

距离

\

x-y \

= 5 π

圆周率

2π= 2 × 22/7 = 44/7

集合论符号

符号

名称

含义

示例

{ }

集合符号

It is used to determine the elements in a set.

{1, 2, a, b}

\ 使得

It is used to determine the condition of the set.

{ a \

a > 5}

:

使得

{ x : x > 0}

属于

It determines that an element belongs to a set.

A = {1, 5, 7, c, a}7 ∈ A

不属于

It indicates that an element does not belong to a set.

A = {1, 5, 7, c, a}0 ∉ A

=

相等关系

It determines that two sets are the same.

A = {1, 2, 3} B = {1, 2, 3} then A = B

子集

It represents that all of the elements of set A are present in set B, or set A is equal to set B.

A = {1, 3, a}B = {a, b, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}A ⊆ B

真子集

It represents all of the elements of set A that are present in set B, and set A is not equal to set B.
声明:本站所有文章,如无特殊说明或标注,均为本站原创发布。任何个人或组织,在未征得本站同意时,禁止复制、盗用、采集、发布本站内容到任何网站、书籍等各类媒体平台。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系我们进行处理。如需转载,请注明文章出处豆丁博客和来源网址。https://shluqu.cn/42791.html
点赞
0.00 平均评分 (0% 分数) - 0